diff --git a/lua/preview/compiler.lua b/lua/preview/compiler.lua
index 90f7367..c3ffbfa 100644
--- a/lua/preview/compiler.lua
+++ b/lua/preview/compiler.lua
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ local log = require('preview.log')
 ---@field has_errors? boolean
 ---@field debounce? uv.uv_timer_t
 ---@field bwp_autocmd? integer
----@field unload_autocmd? integer
+---@field cleanup_autocmd? integer
 
 ---@type table<integer, preview.BufState>
 local state = {}
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ local function stop_watching(bufnr, s)
   close_viewer(bufnr)
   s.viewer_open = nil
   if s.bwp_autocmd then
-    vim.api.nvim_del_autocmd(s.bwp_autocmd)
+    pcall(vim.api.nvim_del_autocmd, s.bwp_autocmd)
     s.bwp_autocmd = nil
   end
   if s.debounce then
@@ -215,8 +215,14 @@ function M.compile(bufnr, name, provider, ctx, opts)
     return
   end
 
-  if vim.bo[bufnr].modified then
-    vim.cmd('silent! update')
+  local buf_file = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(bufnr)
+  if buf_file ~= '' and buf_file == ctx.file then
+    if vim.bo[bufnr].modified then
+      vim.cmd('silent! update')
+    end
+  else
+    local lines = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_lines(bufnr, 0, -1, false)
+    vim.fn.writefile(lines, ctx.file)
   end
 
   local s = get_state(bufnr)
@@ -508,8 +514,8 @@ end
 function M.stop_all()
   for bufnr, s in pairs(state) do
     stop_watching(bufnr, s)
-    if s.unload_autocmd then
-      vim.api.nvim_del_autocmd(s.unload_autocmd)
+    if s.cleanup_autocmd then
+      pcall(vim.api.nvim_del_autocmd, s.cleanup_autocmd)
     end
     state[bufnr] = nil
   end
@@ -541,10 +547,10 @@ function M.toggle(bufnr, name, provider, ctx_builder)
   log.dbg('toggle on for buffer %d', bufnr)
   s.watching = true
 
-  if s.unload_autocmd then
-    vim.api.nvim_del_autocmd(s.unload_autocmd)
+  if s.cleanup_autocmd then
+    vim.api.nvim_del_autocmd(s.cleanup_autocmd)
   end
-  s.unload_autocmd = vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('BufUnload', {
+  s.cleanup_autocmd = vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('BufDelete', {
     buffer = bufnr,
     once = true,
     callback = function()
diff --git a/lua/preview/init.lua b/lua/preview/init.lua
index 489679f..5383623 100644
--- a/lua/preview/init.lua
+++ b/lua/preview/init.lua
@@ -139,27 +139,49 @@ function M.resolve_provider(bufnr)
   return ft
 end
 
+local ft_ext = {
+  markdown = 'md',
+  typst = 'typ',
+  tex = 'tex',
+  asciidoc = 'adoc',
+  plantuml = 'puml',
+  mermaid = 'mmd',
+  quarto = 'qmd',
+}
+
 ---@param bufnr? integer
 ---@return preview.Context
 function M.build_context(bufnr)
   bufnr = bufnr or vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
   local file = vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(bufnr)
-  local root = vim.fs.root(bufnr, { '.git' }) or vim.fn.fnamemodify(file, ':h')
+  local ft = vim.bo[bufnr].filetype
+  local root
+
+  if file ~= '' and vim.uv.fs_stat(file) then
+    root = vim.fs.root(bufnr, { '.git' }) or vim.fn.fnamemodify(file, ':h')
+  else
+    local basename
+    if file ~= '' then
+      basename = string.format('%d-%s', bufnr, vim.fn.fnamemodify(file, ':t'))
+    else
+      local ext = ft_ext[ft] or ft
+      basename = string.format('preview-%d.%s', bufnr, ext)
+    end
+    file = '/tmp/' .. basename
+    root = '/tmp'
+  end
+
   return {
     bufnr = bufnr,
     file = file,
     root = root,
-    ft = vim.bo[bufnr].filetype,
+    ft = ft,
   }
 end
 
 ---@param bufnr? integer
 function M.compile(bufnr)
   bufnr = bufnr or vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-  if vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(bufnr) == '' then
-    vim.notify('[preview.nvim]: buffer has no file name', vim.log.levels.WARN)
-    return
-  end
   local name = M.resolve_provider(bufnr)
   if not name then
     vim.notify('[preview.nvim]: no provider configured for this filetype', vim.log.levels.WARN)
@@ -179,10 +201,6 @@ end
 ---@param bufnr? integer
 function M.clean(bufnr)
   bufnr = bufnr or vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-  if vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(bufnr) == '' then
-    vim.notify('[preview.nvim]: buffer has no file name', vim.log.levels.WARN)
-    return
-  end
   local name = M.resolve_provider(bufnr)
   if not name then
     vim.notify('[preview.nvim]: no provider configured for this filetype', vim.log.levels.WARN)
@@ -196,10 +214,6 @@ end
 ---@param bufnr? integer
 function M.toggle(bufnr)
   bufnr = bufnr or vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-  if vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(bufnr) == '' then
-    vim.notify('[preview.nvim]: buffer has no file name', vim.log.levels.WARN)
-    return
-  end
   local name = M.resolve_provider(bufnr)
   if not name then
     vim.notify('[preview.nvim]: no provider configured for this filetype', vim.log.levels.WARN)
@@ -212,10 +226,6 @@ end
 ---@param bufnr? integer
 function M.open(bufnr)
   bufnr = bufnr or vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
-  if vim.api.nvim_buf_get_name(bufnr) == '' then
-    vim.notify('[preview.nvim]: buffer has no file name', vim.log.levels.WARN)
-    return
-  end
   local name = M.resolve_provider(bufnr)
   local open_config = name and config.providers[name] and config.providers[name].open
   if not compiler.open(bufnr, open_config) then
diff --git a/spec/init_spec.lua b/spec/init_spec.lua
index f68438c..55c2391 100644
--- a/spec/init_spec.lua
+++ b/spec/init_spec.lua
@@ -126,43 +126,43 @@ describe('preview', function()
       return msg
     end
 
-    it('compile warns on unnamed buffer', function()
-      local bufnr = helpers.create_buffer({}, 'typst')
+    it('compile falls through to provider check on unnamed buffer', function()
+      local bufnr = helpers.create_buffer({}, 'lua')
       local msg = capture_notify(function()
         preview.compile(bufnr)
       end)
       assert.is_not_nil(msg)
-      assert.is_truthy(msg:find('no file name'))
+      assert.is_truthy(msg:find('no provider configured'))
       helpers.delete_buffer(bufnr)
     end)
 
-    it('toggle warns on unnamed buffer', function()
-      local bufnr = helpers.create_buffer({}, 'typst')
+    it('toggle falls through to provider check on unnamed buffer', function()
+      local bufnr = helpers.create_buffer({}, 'lua')
       local msg = capture_notify(function()
         preview.toggle(bufnr)
       end)
       assert.is_not_nil(msg)
-      assert.is_truthy(msg:find('no file name'))
+      assert.is_truthy(msg:find('no provider configured'))
       helpers.delete_buffer(bufnr)
     end)
 
-    it('clean warns on unnamed buffer', function()
-      local bufnr = helpers.create_buffer({}, 'typst')
+    it('clean falls through to provider check on unnamed buffer', function()
+      local bufnr = helpers.create_buffer({}, 'lua')
       local msg = capture_notify(function()
         preview.clean(bufnr)
       end)
       assert.is_not_nil(msg)
-      assert.is_truthy(msg:find('no file name'))
+      assert.is_truthy(msg:find('no provider configured'))
       helpers.delete_buffer(bufnr)
     end)
 
-    it('open warns on unnamed buffer', function()
-      local bufnr = helpers.create_buffer({}, 'typst')
+    it('open warns no output on unnamed buffer', function()
+      local bufnr = helpers.create_buffer({}, 'lua')
       local msg = capture_notify(function()
         preview.open(bufnr)
       end)
       assert.is_not_nil(msg)
-      assert.is_truthy(msg:find('no file name'))
+      assert.is_truthy(msg:find('no output file'))
       helpers.delete_buffer(bufnr)
     end)
   end)