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README.md
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README.md
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# NixOS Migration Guide
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## Before you start
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Things to have ready:
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- A USB stick (4GB+)
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- WiFi password
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- This guide on your phone
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Your nix-config already has both `homeConfigurations.barrett` (standalone
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home-manager, what you use now on Arch) and `nixosConfigurations.xps15` (full
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NixOS). The flake, configuration.nix, and all home-manager modules are ready.
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The only file you're missing is `hosts/xps15/hardware-configuration.nix`, which
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gets generated during install.
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## 1. Prep on Arch (before wiping)
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### Back up
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```sh
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# Secrets
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cp -r ~/.gnupg /tmp/gnupg-backup
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cp -r ~/.ssh /tmp/ssh-backup
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cp -r ~/.local/share/pass /tmp/pass-backup
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# Fonts (not in nixpkgs)
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tar cf /tmp/fonts.tar ~/.local/share/fonts
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# Browser profile
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tar cf /tmp/zen.tar ~/.zen
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# Any uncommitted work
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cd ~/dev && git status # check each repo
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# Wallpapers and lock screen images
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tar cf /tmp/img.tar ~/img
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```
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Copy all of `/tmp/*-backup` and `/tmp/*.tar` to the USB stick or another
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machine.
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### Push this repo
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```sh
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cd ~/nix-config # (as barrett, or sg barrett)
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git push
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```
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### Download NixOS ISO
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Grab the minimal ISO from https://nixos.org/download — you want the "Minimal
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ISO image" (not graphical), x86_64.
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Flash it:
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```sh
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sudo dd bs=4M if=nixos-minimal-*.iso of=/dev/sdX status=progress oflag=sync
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```
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## 2. Boot the installer
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Reboot, mash F12 for boot menu, pick USB.
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You'll land in a root shell. Connect to WiFi:
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```sh
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systemctl start wpa_supplicant
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wpa_cli
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> add_network 0
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> set_network 0 ssid "YourSSID"
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> set_network 0 psk "YourPassword"
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> enable_network 0
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> quit
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```
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Or if you prefer `iwd` (available in the installer too):
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```sh
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iwctl
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[iwd]# station wlan0 scan
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[iwd]# station wlan0 get-networks
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[iwd]# station wlan0 connect YourSSID
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```
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Verify: `ping nixos.org`
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## 3. Partition
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Your current disk layout (from fstab):
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| Mount | FS | UUID |
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|----------|------|-------------------|
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| `/` | ext4 | `1ac6e3de-...` |
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| `/boot/efi` | vfat | `5646-BF32` |
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| swap | swap | `39cde381-...` |
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### Option A: Reuse existing partitions (if dual-boot / keeping data)
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```sh
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# Find your partitions
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lsblk -f
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# Format root (THIS WIPES ARCH)
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mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/nvme0n1pX
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# Mount
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mount /dev/nvme0n1pX /mnt
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mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
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mount /dev/nvme0n1pY /mnt/boot/efi
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swapon /dev/nvme0n1pZ
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```
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### Option B: Fresh partition table
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```sh
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# Wipe and repartition
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fdisk /dev/nvme0n1
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# Create:
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# 1. EFI partition (512M, type EFI System)
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# 2. Swap partition (16G or match your RAM)
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# 3. Root partition (rest of disk, type Linux filesystem)
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mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/nvme0n1p1
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mkswap /dev/nvme0n1p2
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mkfs.ext4 -L nixos /dev/nvme0n1p3
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mount /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt
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mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi
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mount /dev/nvme0n1p1 /mnt/boot/efi
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swapon /dev/nvme0n1p2
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```
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## 4. Generate hardware config
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```sh
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nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
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```
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This creates:
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- `/mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` (ignore this, we have our own)
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- `/mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix` (we need this)
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Copy it into your config structure:
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```sh
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mkdir -p /mnt/home/barrett/nix-config/hosts/xps15
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cp /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix /mnt/home/barrett/nix-config/hosts/xps15/
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```
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## 5. Get your config onto the new system
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### Option A: Clone from git (needs network)
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```sh
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nix-shell -p git
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git clone https://github.com/YOUR/nix-config /mnt/home/barrett/nix-config
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cp /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix /mnt/home/barrett/nix-config/hosts/xps15/
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```
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### Option B: Copy from USB
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```sh
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mount /dev/sdX1 /mnt2 # your usb
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cp -r /mnt2/nix-config /mnt/home/barrett/nix-config
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cp /mnt/etc/nixos/hardware-configuration.nix /mnt/home/barrett/nix-config/hosts/xps15/
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```
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## 6. Install
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```sh
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nixos-install --flake /mnt/home/barrett/nix-config#xps15
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```
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It will:
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- Build the full system closure
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- Install GRUB
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- Ask you to set the root password
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This takes a while. Let it run.
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## 7. First boot
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```sh
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reboot
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```
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Remove the USB. GRUB should appear. Boot NixOS.
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Log in as root (password you just set), then set barrett's password:
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```sh
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passwd barrett
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```
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Log out, log in as barrett.
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## 8. Post-install setup
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### Fix ownership
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```sh
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sudo chown -R barrett:users ~/nix-config
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```
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### Home-manager (already integrated)
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Your flake uses `home-manager.nixosModules.home-manager` so HM is part of the
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system build. No separate `home-manager switch` needed — it all happens during
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`nixos-rebuild switch`.
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### Restore secrets
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```sh
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# From USB or wherever you backed up
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cp -r /path/to/gnupg-backup ~/.gnupg
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chmod 700 ~/.gnupg
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chmod 600 ~/.gnupg/*
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cp -r /path/to/ssh-backup ~/.ssh
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chmod 700 ~/.ssh
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chmod 600 ~/.ssh/*
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cp -r /path/to/pass-backup ~/.local/share/pass
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```
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### Restore fonts
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```sh
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mkdir -p ~/.local/share/fonts
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tar xf /path/to/fonts.tar -C /
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fc-cache -fv
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```
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### Restore images
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```sh
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tar xf /path/to/img.tar -C /
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```
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### Restore browser profile
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```sh
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tar xf /path/to/zen.tar -C /
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```
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### Rebuild (the main command going forward)
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```sh
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake ~/nix-config#xps15
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```
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## 9. Gaps — things still needed in configuration.nix
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Your `configuration.nix` already covers: GRUB, nvidia, iwd, keyd, pipewire,
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docker, libvirtd, openssh, hyprland, bluetooth, zsh, xdg portals.
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Still missing:
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### Must add
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```nix
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# /bin/sh = dash (you have a pacman hook for this on Arch)
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environment.binsh = "${pkgs.dash}/bin/dash";
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# doas (you use this instead of sudo on Arch)
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security.doas = {
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enable = true;
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extraRules = [{
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groups = [ "wheel" ];
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persist = true;
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}];
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};
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# Auto timezone (replaces your tzupdate timer)
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services.automatic-timezoned.enable = true;
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# (already in your config, just confirming)
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# Multilib equivalent — enable 32-bit support for Steam/Wine if needed
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# hardware.graphics.enable32Bit = true;
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```
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### Should add
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```nix
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# Reflector equivalent — NixOS handles mirrors differently, but you may want
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# to pin a substituter or add cachix
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nix.settings = {
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experimental-features = [ "nix-command" "flakes" ];
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# already there, just noting
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};
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# geoclue for timezone detection
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services.geoclue2.enable = true;
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# X11 session (spectrwm/dwm) — if you want to keep X11 as an option
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services.xserver = {
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enable = true;
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videoDrivers = [ "nvidia" ];
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windowManager.spectrwm.enable = true;
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# or just use xinit manually
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};
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# Fonts — system-wide
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fonts.packages = with pkgs; [
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jetbrains-mono
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joypixels
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font-awesome
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# Your custom fonts (berkeley-mono etc) aren't in nixpkgs,
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# keep them in ~/.local/share/fonts
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];
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# Yubikey / smartcard
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services.pcscd.enable = true;
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# QEMU/KVM
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virtualisation.libvirtd.qemu.package = pkgs.qemu_full;
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# Firewall (you have iptables on Arch)
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networking.firewall.enable = true;
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```
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### Packages to add to environment.systemPackages or HM
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Compare your 207 explicit Arch packages against what's in
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`home/modules/packages.nix`. The big categories not yet covered:
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- **TeX**: texlive, biber, typst, quarto — add to HM packages
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- **Languages**: rustup, go, ocaml, opam, uv, luarocks — add to HM packages
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(or use devShells per-project)
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- **Dev tools**: cmake, ninja, gdb, valgrind, perf — add to HM or devShells
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- **CLI**: fastfetch, socat, rsync, bind (dig), time — add to HM packages
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- **AUR equivalents**: voxtype, pikaur (not needed), sioyek (already in HM),
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basedpyright, pistol, clipmenu (not needed on Wayland)
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### Things you DON'T need on NixOS
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- pacman hooks (dash, nvidia) — use NixOS options instead
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- pikaur/AUR — use nixpkgs, overlays, or flake inputs
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- reflector — not applicable
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- mkinitcpio — NixOS uses its own initrd builder
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- GRUB manual config — declarative via `boot.loader.grub`
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## 10. Day-to-day workflow
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```sh
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# Edit config
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nvim ~/nix-config/hosts/xps15/configuration.nix
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# or any home-manager module
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nvim ~/nix-config/home/modules/shell.nix
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# Rebuild
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake ~/nix-config#xps15
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# Update all inputs
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nix flake update --flake ~/nix-config
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake ~/nix-config#xps15
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# Rollback if something breaks
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake ~/nix-config#xps15 --rollback
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# or pick a previous generation from GRUB
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# Garbage collect old generations
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sudo nix-collect-garbage -d
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```
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## 11. Checklist
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- [ ] Back up gnupg, ssh, pass, fonts, img, zen profile
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- [ ] Push nix-config repo
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- [ ] Flash NixOS minimal ISO to USB
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- [ ] Boot USB, connect WiFi
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- [ ] Partition and mount
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- [ ] Generate hardware-configuration.nix
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- [ ] Get nix-config onto /mnt
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- [ ] `nixos-install --flake /mnt/home/barrett/nix-config#xps15`
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- [ ] Set root password, reboot
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- [ ] Set barrett password, log in
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- [ ] Fix nix-config ownership
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- [ ] Restore secrets (gnupg, ssh, pass)
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- [ ] Restore fonts, images, browser profile
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- [ ] `sudo nixos-rebuild switch --flake ~/nix-config#xps15`
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- [ ] Verify: terminal, editor, browser, WM all working
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- [ ] Add missing packages to configuration.nix / HM modules
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- [ ] Add `environment.binsh = dash`
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- [ ] Add doas config
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- [ ] Add fonts.packages
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- [ ] Add pcscd for Yubikey
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- [ ] Commit hardware-configuration.nix
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