#include // {{{ // https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/96344 #pragma GCC optimize("O2,unroll-loops") #pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt") using namespace std; template constexpr T MIN = std::numeric_limits::min(); template constexpr T MAX = std::numeric_limits::max(); template [[nodiscard]] static T sc(auto&& x) { return static_cast(x); } template [[nodiscard]] static T sz(auto&& x) { return static_cast(x.size()); } #define prln(...) std::println(__VA_ARGS__) #define pr(...) std::print(__VA_ARGS__) #ifdef LOCAL #define dbgln(...) std::println(__VA_ARGS__) #define dbg(...) std::print(__VA_ARGS__) #endif using ll = long long; using ld = long double; template using v = std::vector; template using r = std::array; template using p = std::pair; #define ff first #define ss second #define eb emplace_back #define pb push_back #define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end() #define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend() // }}} void solve() { int n, q; cin >> n >> q; v a(n); v prefix(n + 1, 0); for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { cin >> a[i]; prefix[i + 1] = prefix[i] ^ a[i]; } while (q--) { ll l, r; cin >> l >> r; cout << (prefix[r] ^ prefix[l - 1]) << endl; } } int main() { // {{{ cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false); int t = 1; // cin >> t; while (t--) { solve(); } return 0; } // }}}