feat: 928

codeforces/928/.clang-format

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+BasedOnStyle: Google
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortCompoundRequirementOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortEnumsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false

codeforces/928/.clangd

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+CompileFlags:
+	Add:
+		-O2
+		-Wall
+		-Wextra
+		-Wpedantic
+		-Wshadow
+		-Wformat=2
+		-Wfloat-equal
+		-Wlogical-op
+		-Wshift-overflow=2
+		-Wnon-virtual-dtor
+		-Wold-style-cast
+		-Wcast-qual
+		-Wuseless-cast
+		-Wno-sign-promotion
+		-Wcast-align
+		-Wunused
+		-Woverloaded-virtual
+		-Wconversion
+		-Wsign-conversion
+		-Wmisleading-indentation
+		-Wduplicated-cond
+		-Wduplicated-branches
+		-Wlogical-op
+		-Wnull-dereference
+		-Wformat=2
+		-Wformat-overflow
+		-Wformat-truncation
+		-Wdouble-promotion
+		-Wundef
+		-DLOCAL
+		-Wno-unknown-pragmas
+-e 		-std=c++23
+-e 		-std=c++23
+-e 		-std=c++23
+-e 		-std=c++23
+-e 		-std=c++23
+-e 		-std=c++23
+-e 		-std=c++23
+-e 		-std=c++23
+-e 		-std=c++23
+-e 		-std=c++23

codeforces/928/a.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>  // {{{
+
+// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/96344
+
+#pragma GCC optimize("O2,unroll-loops")
+#pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt")
+
+using namespace std;
+
+using i32 = int32_t;
+using u32 = uint32_t;
+using i64 = int64_t;
+using u64 = uint64_t;
+using f64 = double;
+using f128 = long double;
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MIN = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MAX = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sc(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sz(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x.size());
+}
+#endif
+
+static void NO() {
+  std::cout << "NO\n";
+}
+
+static void YES() {
+  std::cout << "YES\n";
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+using vec = std::vector<T>;
+
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define ff first
+#define ss second
+
+#ifdef LOCAL
+#define db(...) std::print(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbln(...) std::println(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define db(...)
+#define dbln(...)
+#endif
+//  }}}
+
+void solve() {
+  string s;
+  cin >> s;
+
+  u32 as = 0;
+  for (auto e : s) {
+    as += e == 'A';
+  }
+
+  if (as >= 3) {
+    cout << 'A';
+  } else {
+    cout << 'B';
+  }
+
+  cout << '\n';
+}
+
+int main() {  // {{{
+  cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false);
+  cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
+
+  u32 tc = 1;
+  cin >> tc;
+
+  for (u32 t = 0; t < tc; ++t) {
+    solve();
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+// }}}

codeforces/928/b.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>  // {{{
+
+// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/96344
+
+#pragma GCC optimize("O2,unroll-loops")
+#pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt")
+
+using namespace std;
+
+using i32 = int32_t;
+using u32 = uint32_t;
+using i64 = int64_t;
+using u64 = uint64_t;
+using f64 = double;
+using f128 = long double;
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MIN = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MAX = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sc(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sz(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x.size());
+}
+#endif
+
+static void NO() {
+  std::cout << "NO\n";
+}
+
+static void YES() {
+  std::cout << "YES\n";
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+using vec = std::vector<T>;
+
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define ff first
+#define ss second
+
+#ifdef LOCAL
+#define db(...) std::print(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbln(...) std::println(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define db(...)
+#define dbln(...)
+#endif
+//  }}}
+
+void solve() {
+  u32 n;
+  cin >> n;
+  vec<string> grid(n);
+  for (auto& e : grid)
+    cin >> e;
+
+  for (u32 r = 0; r < n; ++r) {
+    u32 count = 0;
+    for (auto c : grid[r]) {
+      if (c == '1') {
+        ++count;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (count > 0) {
+      u32 count2 = 0;
+      for (auto c : grid[r + 1]) {
+        count2 += c == '1';
+      }
+      if (count != count2) {
+        cout << "TRIANGLE\n";
+      } else {
+        cout << "SQUARE\n";
+      }
+
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+int main() {  // {{{
+  cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false);
+  cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
+
+  u32 tc = 1;
+  cin >> tc;
+
+  for (u32 t = 0; t < tc; ++t) {
+    solve();
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+// }}}

codeforces/928/c.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>  // {{{
+
+// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/96344
+
+#pragma GCC optimize("O2,unroll-loops")
+#pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt")
+
+using namespace std;
+
+using i32 = int32_t;
+using u32 = uint32_t;
+using i64 = int64_t;
+using u64 = uint64_t;
+using f64 = double;
+using f128 = long double;
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MIN = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MAX = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sc(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sz(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x.size());
+}
+#endif
+
+static void NO() {
+  std::cout << "NO\n";
+}
+
+static void YES() {
+  std::cout << "YES\n";
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+using vec = std::vector<T>;
+
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define ff first
+#define ss second
+
+#ifdef LOCAL
+#define db(...) std::print(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbln(...) std::println(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define db(...)
+#define dbln(...)
+#endif
+//  }}}
+
+vec<u32> cache(2 * 100000 + 1, 0);
+
+void solve() {
+  u32 n;
+  cin >> n;
+
+  println("{}", cache[n]);
+}
+
+int main() {  // {{{
+  cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false);
+  cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
+
+  for (u32 i = 1; i <= 200000; ++i) {
+    u32 val = 0;
+
+    auto I = i;
+    while (I) {
+      val += I % 10;
+      I /= 10;
+    }
+
+    cache[i] = val + cache[i - 1];
+  }
+
+  u32 tc = 1;
+  cin >> tc;
+
+  for (u32 t = 0; t < tc; ++t) {
+    solve();
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+// }}}

codeforces/928/compile_flags.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+-O2
+-Wall
+-Wextra
+-Wpedantic
+-Wshadow
+-Wformat=2
+-Wfloat-equal
+-Wlogical-op
+-Wshift-overflow=2
+-Wnon-virtual-dtor
+-Wold-style-cast
+-Wcast-qual
+-Wuseless-cast
+-Wno-sign-promotion
+-Wcast-align
+-Wunused
+-Woverloaded-virtual
+-Wconversion
+-Wmisleading-indentation
+-Wduplicated-cond
+-Wduplicated-branches
+-Wlogical-op
+-Wnull-dereference
+-Wformat=2
+-Wformat-overflow
+-Wformat-truncation
+-Wdouble-promotion
+-Wundef
+-DLOCAL
+-std=c++23
+-std=c++23

codeforces/928/d.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>  // {{{
+
+// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/96344
+
+#pragma GCC optimize("O2,unroll-loops")
+#pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt")
+
+using namespace std;
+
+using i32 = int32_t;
+using u32 = uint32_t;
+using i64 = int64_t;
+using u64 = uint64_t;
+using f64 = double;
+using f128 = long double;
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MIN = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MAX = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sc(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sz(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x.size());
+}
+#endif
+
+static void NO() {
+  std::cout << "NO\n";
+}
+
+static void YES() {
+  std::cout << "YES\n";
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+using vec = std::vector<T>;
+
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define ff first
+#define ss second
+
+#ifdef LOCAL
+#define db(...) std::print(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbln(...) std::println(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define db(...)
+#define dbln(...)
+#endif
+//  }}}
+
+void solve() {
+  u32 n;
+  cin >> n;
+  vec<u32> a(n);
+  for (auto& e : a)
+    cin >> e;
+
+  multiset<u32> seen;
+  u32 ans = 0;
+  for (auto e : a) {
+    auto complement = ((1LL << 31) - 1) ^ e;
+    if (seen.empty() || !seen.contains(complement)) {
+      seen.insert(e);
+    } else {
+      seen.erase(seen.find(complement));
+      ++ans;
+    }
+  }
+
+  println("{}", ans + seen.size());
+}
+
+int main() {  // {{{
+  cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false);
+  cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
+
+  u32 tc = 1;
+  cin >> tc;
+
+  for (u32 t = 0; t < tc; ++t) {
+    solve();
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+// }}}

codeforces/928/debug_flags.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+-g3
+-fsanitize=address,undefined
+-fsanitize=float-divide-by-zero
+-fsanitize=float-cast-overflow
+-fno-sanitize-recover=all
+-fstack-protector-all
+-fstack-usage
+-fno-omit-frame-pointer
+-fno-inline
+-ffunction-sections
+-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG
+-D_GLIBCXX_DEBUG_PEDANTIC
+-DLOCAL
+-std=c++23

codeforces/928/e.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>  // {{{
+
+// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/96344
+
+#pragma GCC optimize("O2,unroll-loops")
+#pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt")
+
+using namespace std;
+
+using i32 = int32_t;
+using u32 = uint32_t;
+using i64 = int64_t;
+using u64 = uint64_t;
+using f64 = double;
+using f128 = long double;
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MIN = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MAX = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sc(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sz(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x.size());
+}
+#endif
+
+static void NO() {
+  std::cout << "NO\n";
+}
+
+static void YES() {
+  std::cout << "YES\n";
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+using vec = std::vector<T>;
+
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define ff first
+#define ss second
+
+#ifdef LOCAL
+#define db(...) std::print(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbln(...) std::println(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define db(...)
+#define dbln(...)
+#endif
+//  }}}
+
+void solve() {
+  u64 n, k;
+  cin >> n >> k;
+
+  /*
+     initially lays down ceil(n / 2.0) cards
+
+     if found, its just 2 * k
+
+     n - ceil(n / 2.0) left
+
+     lays down 2 * odds
+
+note: only odd # turns matter
+
+     n = 24
+     1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 -> 2 4 6 8 10 12 ... left
+     2 6 10 14
+     div. both sides by 2:
+     1 2 3 4 5 6 <- n - ceil(n / 2.0) left
+     continue, log(n) itme
+     3 9 ... <- don't matter
+
+     div by 2
+     */
+
+  u64 multiplier = 1;
+  while (k > (u64)ceil(n / 2.0)) {
+    k -= (u64)ceil(n / 2.0);
+    n -= (u64)ceil(n / 2.0);
+    multiplier *= 2;
+  }
+
+  println("{}", multiplier * (1 + 2 * (k - 1)));
+}
+
+int main() {  // {{{
+  cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false);
+  cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
+
+  u32 tc = 1;
+  cin >> tc;
+
+  for (u32 t = 0; t < tc; ++t) {
+    solve();
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+// }}}

codeforces/928/g.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include <bits/stdc++.h>  // {{{
+
+// https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/96344
+
+#pragma GCC optimize("O2,unroll-loops")
+#pragma GCC target("avx2,bmi,bmi2,lzcnt,popcnt")
+
+using namespace std;
+
+using i32 = int32_t;
+using u32 = uint32_t;
+using i64 = int64_t;
+using u64 = uint64_t;
+using f64 = double;
+using f128 = long double;
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MIN = std::numeric_limits<T>::min();
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr T MAX = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sc(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+[[nodiscard]] static T sz(auto&& x) {
+  return static_cast<T>(x.size());
+}
+#endif
+
+static void NO() {
+  std::cout << "NO\n";
+}
+
+static void YES() {
+  std::cout << "YES\n";
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+using vec = std::vector<T>;
+
+#define all(x) (x).begin(), (x).end()
+#define rall(x) (x).rbegin(), (x).rend()
+#define ff first
+#define ss second
+
+#ifdef LOCAL
+#define db(...) std::print(__VA_ARGS__)
+#define dbln(...) std::println(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define db(...)
+#define dbln(...)
+#endif
+//  }}}
+
+void solve() {
+  u32 n;
+  cin >> n;
+  vec<vec<u32>> tree(n + 1);
+  for (u32 i = 2; i <= n; ++i) {
+    u32 a;
+    cin >> a;
+    tree[i].push_back(a);
+    tree[a].push_back(i);
+  }
+  string s;
+  cin >> s;
+  s = ' ' + s;
+
+  auto dfs = [&](auto&& self, u32 u, u32 p) -> vec<u32> {
+    vec<u32> dp(2);
+    dp[0] = (s[u] == 'P') ? 1 << 30 : 0;
+    dp[1] = (s[u] == 'S') ? 1 << 30 : 0;
+    for (u32 v : tree[u]) {
+      if (v == p)
+        continue;
+      auto prev = self(self, v, u);
+      dp[0] += min(prev[0], prev[1] + 1);
+      dp[1] += min(prev[1], prev[0] + 1);
+    }
+    return dp;
+  };
+
+  auto ans = dfs(dfs, 1, 0);
+  cout << *min_element(all(ans)) << '\n';
+}
+
+int main() {  // {{{
+  cin.tie(nullptr)->sync_with_stdio(false);
+  cin.exceptions(cin.failbit);
+
+  u32 tc = 1;
+  cin >> tc;
+
+  for (u32 t = 0; t < tc; ++t) {
+    solve();
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+// }}}

codeforces/928/io/a.in

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+8
+ABABB
+ABABA
+BBBAB
+AAAAA
+BBBBB
+BABAA
+AAAAB
+BAAAA

codeforces/928/io/a.out

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+B
+A
+B
+A
+B
+A
+A
+A
+
+[code]: 0
+[time]: 2.9614 ms
+[debug]: false

codeforces/928/io/b.in

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+6
+3
+000
+011
+011
+4
+0000
+0000
+0100
+1110
+2
+11
+11
+5
+00111
+00010
+00000
+00000
+00000
+10
+0000000000
+0000000000
+0000000000
+0000000000
+0000000000
+1111111110
+0111111100
+0011111000
+0001110000
+0000100000
+3
+111
+111
+111

codeforces/928/io/b.out

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+SQUARE
+TRIANGLE
+SQUARE
+TRIANGLE
+TRIANGLE
+SQUARE
+
+[code]: 0
+[time]: 5.67222 ms
+[debug]: false

codeforces/928/io/c.in

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+7
+12
+1
+2
+3
+1434
+2024
+200000

codeforces/928/io/c.out

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+51
+1
+3
+6
+18465
+28170
+4600002
+
+[code]: 0
+[time]: 7.12848 ms
+[debug]: false

codeforces/928/io/d.in

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+9
+4
+1 4 3 4
+2
+0 2147483647
+5
+476319172 261956880 2136179468 1671164475 1885526767
+3
+1335890506 811593141 1128223362
+4
+688873446 627404104 1520079543 1458610201
+4
+61545621 2085938026 1269342732 1430258575
+4
+0 0 2147483647 2147483647
+3
+0 0 2147483647
+8
+1858058912 289424735 1858058912 2024818580 1858058912 289424735 122665067 289424735

codeforces/928/io/d.out

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+4
+1
+3
+2
+2
+3
+2
+2
+4
+
+[code]: 0
+[time]: 2.39205 ms
+[debug]: false

codeforces/928/io/e.in

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+11
+7 1
+7 2
+7 3
+7 4
+7 5
+7 6
+7 7
+1 1
+34 14
+84 19
+1000000000 1000000000

codeforces/928/io/e.out

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+1
+3
+5
+7
+2
+6
+4
+1
+27
+37
+536870912
+
+[code]: 0
+[time]: 2.3458 ms
+[debug]: false

codeforces/928/io/g.in

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+3
+3
+1 1
+CSP
+4
+1 2 2
+PCSS
+4
+1 2 2
+PPSS

codeforces/928/io/g.out

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+1
+1
+2
+
+[code]: 0
+[time]: 2.3241 ms
+[debug]: false

codeforces/928/makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+.PHONY: run debug clean setup init
+
+VERSION ?= 20
+
+SRC = $(word 2,$(MAKECMDGOALS))
+
+.SILENT:
+
+run:
+	sh scripts/run.sh $(SRC)
+
+debug:
+	sh scripts/debug.sh $(SRC)
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf build/*
+
+setup:
+	test -d build || mkdir -p build
+	test -d io || mkdir -p io
+	test -d scripts || mkdir -p scripts
+	test -f .clang-format || cp $(HOME)/.config/cp-template/.clang-format .
+	test -f compile_flags.txt || cp $(HOME)/.config/cp-template/compile_flags.txt . && echo -std=c++$(VERSION) >>compile_flags.txt
+	test -f .clangd || cp $(HOME)/.config/cp-template/.clangd . && echo -e "\t\t-std=c++$(VERSION)" >>.clangd
+
+init:
+	make setup
+
+%:
+	@:

codeforces/928/scripts/debug.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+. ./scripts/utils.sh
+
+SRC="$1"
+BASE=$(basename "$SRC" .cc)
+INPUT="${BASE}.in"
+OUTPUT="${BASE}.out"
+DBG_BIN="${BASE}.debug"
+
+test -d build || mkdir -p build
+test -d io || mkdir -p io
+
+test -f "$INPUT" && test ! -f "io/$INPUT" && mv "$INPUT" "io/"
+test -f "$OUTPUT" && test ! -f "io/$OUTPUT" && mv "$OUTPUT" "io/"
+
+test -f "io/$INPUT" || touch "io/$INPUT"
+test -f "io/$OUTPUT" || touch "io/$OUTPUT"
+
+INPUT="io/$INPUT"
+OUTPUT="io/$OUTPUT"
+DBG_BIN="build/$DBG_BIN"
+
+compile_source "$SRC" "$DBG_BIN" "$OUTPUT" @debug_flags.txt
+CODE=$?
+test $CODE -gt 0 && exit $CODE
+
+execute_binary "$DBG_BIN" "$INPUT" "$OUTPUT" true
+exit $?

codeforces/928/scripts/run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+. ./scripts/utils.sh
+
+SRC="$1"
+BASE=$(basename "$SRC" .cc)
+INPUT="${BASE}.in"
+OUTPUT="${BASE}.out"
+RUN_BIN="${BASE}.run"
+
+test -d build || mkdir -p build
+test -d io || mkdir -p io
+
+test -f "$INPUT" && test ! -f "io/$INPUT" && mv "$INPUT" "io/"
+test -f "$OUTPUT" && test ! -f "io/$OUTPUT" && mv "$OUTPUT" "io/"
+
+test -f "io/$INPUT" || touch "io/$INPUT"
+test -f "io/$OUTPUT" || touch "io/$OUTPUT"
+
+INPUT="io/$INPUT"
+OUTPUT="io/$OUTPUT"
+RUN_BIN="build/$RUN_BIN"
+
+compile_source "$SRC" "$RUN_BIN" "$OUTPUT" ""
+CODE=$?
+test $CODE -gt 0 && exit $CODE
+
+execute_binary "$RUN_BIN" "$INPUT" "$OUTPUT"
+exit $?

codeforces/928/scripts/utils.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+execute_binary() {
+  binary="$1"
+  input="$2"
+  output="$3"
+  is_debug="$4"
+
+  start=$(date '+%s.%N')
+  if [ -n "$is_debug" ]; then
+    asan="$(ldconfig -p | grep libasan.so | head -n1 | awk '{print $4}')"
+    LD_PRELOAD="$asan" timeout 2s ./"$binary" <"$input" >"$output" 2>&1
+  else
+    timeout 2s ./"$binary" <"$input" >"$output" 2>&1
+  fi
+  CODE=$?
+  end=$(date '+%s.%N')
+  truncate -s "$(head -n 1000 "$output" | wc -c)" "$output"
+
+  if [ $CODE -ge 124 ]; then
+    MSG=''
+    case $CODE in
+    124) MSG='TIMEOUT' ;;
+    128) MSG='SIGILL' ;;
+    130) MSG='SIGABRT' ;;
+    131) MSG='SIGBUS' ;;
+    136) MSG='SIGFPE' ;;
+    135) MSG='SIGSEGV' ;;
+    137) MSG='SIGPIPE' ;;
+    139) MSG='SIGTERM' ;;
+    esac
+    [ $CODE -ne 124 ] && sed -i '$d' "$output"
+    test -n "$MSG" && printf '\n[code]: %s (%s)' "$CODE" "$MSG" >>"$output"
+  else
+    printf '\n[code]: %s' "$CODE" >>"$output"
+  fi
+
+  printf '\n[time]: %s ms' "$(awk "BEGIN {print ($end - $start) * 1000}")" >>$output
+  test -n "$is_debug" && is_debug_string=true || is_debug_string=false
+  printf '\n[debug]: %s' "$is_debug_string" >>$output
+  return $CODE
+}
+
+compile_source() {
+  src="$1"
+  bin="$2"
+  output="$3"
+  flags="$4"
+
+  test -f "$bin" && rm "$bin" || true
+  g++ @compile_flags.txt $flags "$src" -o "$bin" 2>"$output"
+  CODE=$?
+
+  if [ $CODE -gt 0 ]; then
+    printf '\n[code]: %s' "$CODE" >>"$output"
+    return $CODE
+  else
+    echo '' >"$output"
+    return 0
+  fi
+}