diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 9249a17..dbbafe4 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/50b19481-8e6d-47b4-bebc-15e16c61a9c9
 
 - [uv](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/) for problem scraping
 - [LuaSnip](https://github.com/L3MON4D3/LuaSnip) for templates
+- GNU [time](https://www.gnu.org/software/time/) and [timeout](https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/timeout-invocation.html)
 
 ## Quick Start
 
diff --git a/doc/cp.nvim.txt b/doc/cp.nvim.txt
index 95ace6f..56802bf 100644
--- a/doc/cp.nvim.txt
+++ b/doc/cp.nvim.txt
@@ -419,11 +419,12 @@ Status Indicators ~
 
 Test cases use competitive programming terminology with color highlighting:
 
-    AC      Accepted (passed) - Green
-    WA      Wrong Answer (output mismatch) - Red
-    TLE     Time Limit Exceeded (timeout) - Orange
-    MLE     Memory Limit Exceeded Error (heuristic) - Orange
-    RTE     Runtime Error (other non-zero exit code) - Purple
+    AC      Accepted (passed)
+    WA      Wrong Answer (output mismatch)
+    TLE     Time Limit Exceeded (timeout)
+    MLE     Memory Limit Exceeded Error (heuristic)
+    RTE     Runtime Error (other non-zero exit code)
+    NA      Any other state (undecipherable, error, running)
 <
 
 ==============================================================================
@@ -442,8 +443,9 @@ Test cases use competitive programming terminology with color highlighting:
     CpTestAC        Green foreground for AC status
     CpTestWA        Red foreground for WA status
     CpTestTLE       Orange foreground for TLE status
+    CpTestMLE       Orange foreground for MLE status
     CpTestRTE       Purple foreground for RTE status
-    CpTestPending   Gray foreground for pending tests
+    CpTestNA        Gray foreground for remaining state
 
 ANSI Color Groups ~
 
diff --git a/lua/cp/health.lua b/lua/cp/health.lua
index 7b5ba37..c5e5113 100644
--- a/lua/cp/health.lua
+++ b/lua/cp/health.lua
@@ -34,11 +34,18 @@ local function check_required()
     vim.health.info('Python virtual environment not set up (created on first scrape)')
   end
 
-  local cap = utils.time_capability()
-  if cap.ok then
-    vim.health.ok('GNU time found: ' .. cap.path)
+  local time_cap = utils.time_capability()
+  if time_cap.ok then
+    vim.health.ok('GNU time found: ' .. time_cap.path)
   else
-    vim.health.error('GNU time not found: ' .. (cap.reason or ''))
+    vim.health.error('GNU time not found: ' .. (time_cap.reason or ''))
+  end
+
+  local timeout_cap = utils.time_capability()
+  if timeout_cap.ok then
+    vim.health.ok('GNU timeout found: ' .. timeout_cap.path)
+  else
+    vim.health.error('GNU timeout not found: ' .. (timeout_cap.reason or ''))
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/lua/cp/runner/execute.lua b/lua/cp/runner/execute.lua
index 72f41f4..4ad0f3b 100644
--- a/lua/cp/runner/execute.lua
+++ b/lua/cp/runner/execute.lua
@@ -63,67 +63,62 @@ function M.compile(language_config, substitutions)
   return r
 end
 
-local function parse_and_strip_time_v(output, memory_mb)
-  local lines = vim.split(output or '', '\n', { plain = true })
-
-  local timing_idx
-  for i = #lines, 1, -1 do
-    if lines[i]:match('^%s*Command being timed:') then
-      timing_idx = i
+local function parse_and_strip_time_v(output)
+  local s = output or ''
+  local last_i, from = nil, 1
+  while true do
+    local i = string.find(s, 'Command being timed:', from, true)
+    if not i then
       break
     end
+    last_i, from = i, i + 1
   end
-  if not timing_idx then
-    while #lines > 0 and lines[#lines]:match('^%s*$') do
-      table.remove(lines, #lines)
-    end
-    return table.concat(lines, '\n'), 0, false
+  if not last_i then
+    return s, 0
   end
 
-  local start_idx = timing_idx
-  local k = timing_idx - 1
-  while k >= 1 and lines[k]:match('^%s*Command ') do
-    start_idx = k
+  local k = last_i - 1
+  while k >= 1 do
+    local ch = s:sub(k, k)
+    if ch ~= ' ' and ch ~= '\t' then
+      break
+    end
     k = k - 1
   end
 
-  local peak_mb, mled = 0, false
-  for j = timing_idx, #lines do
-    local kb = lines[j]:match('Maximum resident set size %(kbytes%):%s*(%d+)')
+  local head = s:sub(1, k)
+  local tail = s:sub(last_i)
+
+  local peak_kb = 0.0
+  for line in tail:gmatch('[^\n]+') do
+    local kb = line:match('Maximum resident set size %(kbytes%):%s*(%d+)')
     if kb then
-      peak_mb = tonumber(kb) / 1024.0
-      if memory_mb and memory_mb > 0 and peak_mb > memory_mb then
-        mled = true
-      end
+      peak_kb = tonumber(kb) or 0
     end
   end
 
-  for j = #lines, start_idx, -1 do
-    table.remove(lines, j)
-  end
-
-  while #lines > 0 and lines[#lines]:match('^%s*$') do
-    table.remove(lines, #lines)
-  end
-
-  return table.concat(lines, '\n'), peak_mb, mled
+  local peak_mb = peak_kb / 1024.0
+  head = head:gsub('\n+$', '')
+  return head, peak_mb
 end
 
 function M.run(cmd, stdin, timeout_ms, memory_mb)
-  local prog = table.concat(cmd, ' ')
-  local pre = {}
-  if memory_mb and memory_mb > 0 then
-    table.insert(pre, ('ulimit -v %d'):format(memory_mb * 1024))
-  end
-  local prefix = (#pre > 0) and (table.concat(pre, '; ') .. '; ') or ''
   local time_bin = utils.time_path()
-  local sh = prefix .. ('%s -v sh -c %q 2>&1'):format(time_bin, prog)
+  local timeout_bin = utils.timeout_path()
+
+  local prog = table.concat(cmd, ' ')
+  local pre = {
+    ('ulimit -v %d'):format(memory_mb * 1024),
+  }
+  local prefix = table.concat(pre, '; ') .. '; '
+  local sec = math.ceil(timeout_ms / 1000)
+  local timeout_prefix = ('%s -k 1s %ds '):format(timeout_bin, sec)
+  local sh = prefix .. timeout_prefix .. ('%s -v sh -c %q 2>&1'):format(time_bin, prog)
 
   local t0 = vim.uv.hrtime()
   local r = vim
     .system({ 'sh', '-c', sh }, {
       stdin = stdin,
-      timeout = timeout_ms,
       text = true,
     })
     :wait()
@@ -142,17 +137,12 @@ function M.run(cmd, stdin, timeout_ms, memory_mb)
   local lower = (cleaned or ''):lower()
   local oom_hint = lower:find('std::bad_alloc', 1, true)
     or lower:find('cannot allocate memory', 1, true)
+    or lower:find('out of memory', 1, true)
+    or lower:find('oom', 1, true)
     or lower:find('enomem', 1, true)
+  local near_cap = peak_mb >= (0.90 * memory_mb)
 
-  local near_cap = false
-  if memory_mb and memory_mb > 0 then
-    near_cap = (peak_mb >= (0.90 * memory_mb))
-  end
-
-  local mled = false
-  if peak_mb >= memory_mb or near_cap or oom_hint then
-    mled = true
-  end
+  local mled = (peak_mb >= memory_mb) or near_cap or (oom_hint and not tled)
 
   if tled then
     logger.log(('Execution timed out in %.1fms.'):format(dt))
diff --git a/lua/cp/runner/run.lua b/lua/cp/runner/run.lua
index 411769d..b7af68b 100644
--- a/lua/cp/runner/run.lua
+++ b/lua/cp/runner/run.lua
@@ -122,9 +122,8 @@ local function run_single_test_case(contest_config, cp_config, test_case)
 
   local cmd = build_command(language_config, substitutions)
   local stdin_content = (test_case.input or '') .. '\n'
-  local timeout_ms = (run_panel_state.constraints and run_panel_state.constraints.timeout_ms)
-    or 2000
-  local memory_mb = run_panel_state.constraints and run_panel_state.constraints.memory_mb or nil
+  local timeout_ms = (run_panel_state.constraints and run_panel_state.constraints.timeout_ms) or 0
+  local memory_mb = run_panel_state.constraints and run_panel_state.constraints.memory_mb or 0
 
   local r = exec.run(cmd, stdin_content, timeout_ms, memory_mb)
 
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ local function run_single_test_case(contest_config, cp_config, test_case)
     signal = signal,
     tled = r.tled or false,
     mled = r.mled or false,
-    rss_mb = r.peak_mb,
+    rss_mb = r.peak_mb or 0,
   }
 end
 
@@ -284,6 +283,7 @@ function M.handle_compilation_failure(output)
     tc.signal = ''
     tc.tled = false
     tc.mled = false
+    tc.rss_mb = 0
   end
 end
 
diff --git a/lua/cp/runner/run_render.lua b/lua/cp/runner/run_render.lua
index 42de606..027aae3 100644
--- a/lua/cp/runner/run_render.lua
+++ b/lua/cp/runner/run_render.lua
@@ -30,19 +30,17 @@ function M.get_status_info(ran_test_case)
     return { text = 'AC', highlight_group = 'CpTestAC' }
   end
 
-  if ran_test_case.actual == '' then
-    return { text = '...', highlight_group = 'CpTestPending' }
-  end
-
   if ran_test_case.tled then
     return { text = 'TLE', highlight_group = 'CpTestTLE' }
   elseif ran_test_case.mled then
     return { text = 'MLE', highlight_group = 'CpTestMLE' }
-  elseif ran_test_case.code and ran_test_case.code >= 128 then
+  elseif ran_test_case.code > 0 and ran_test_case.code >= 128 then
     return { text = 'RTE', highlight_group = 'CpTestRTE' }
-  else
+  elseif ran_test_case.code == 0 and not ran_test_case.ok then
     return { text = 'WA', highlight_group = 'CpTestWA' }
   end
+
+  return { text = 'N/A', highlight_group = 'CpTestNA' }
 end
 
 local function format_exit_code(code)
@@ -356,7 +354,7 @@ function M.get_highlight_groups()
     CpTestTLE = { fg = '#f59e0b' },
     CpTestMLE = { fg = '#f59e0b' },
     CpTestRTE = { fg = '#8b5cf6' },
-    CpTestPending = { fg = '#6b7280' },
+    CpTestNA = { fg = '#6b7280' },
     CpDiffRemoved = { fg = '#ef4444', bg = '#1f1f1f' },
     CpDiffAdded = { fg = '#10b981', bg = '#1f1f1f' },
   }
diff --git a/lua/cp/utils.lua b/lua/cp/utils.lua
index 033c924..c3ff310 100644
--- a/lua/cp/utils.lua
+++ b/lua/cp/utils.lua
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@ local uname = vim.loop.os_uname()
 local _time_cached = false
 local _time_path = nil
 local _time_reason = nil
+local _timeout_cached = false
+local _timeout_path = nil
+local _timeout_reason = nil
 
 local function is_windows()
   return uname and uname.sysname == 'Windows_NT'
@@ -146,9 +149,14 @@ function M.check_required_runtime()
     return false, 'Neovim 0.10.0+ required'
   end
 
-  local cap = M.time_capability()
-  if not cap.ok then
-    return false, 'GNU time not found: ' .. (cap.reason or '')
+  local time = M.time_capability()
+  if not time.ok then
+    return false, 'GNU time not found: ' .. (time.reason or '')
+  end
+
+  local timeout = M.timeout_capability()
+  if not timeout.ok then
+    return false, 'GNU timeout not found: ' .. (timeout.reason or '')
   end
 
   if vim.fn.executable('uv') ~= 1 then
@@ -162,4 +170,62 @@ function M.check_required_runtime()
   return true
 end
 
+local function check_timeout_is_gnu_timeout(bin)
+  if vim.fn.executable(bin) ~= 1 then
+    return false
+  end
+  local r = vim.system({ bin, '--version' }, { text = true }):wait()
+  if r and r.code == 0 and r.stdout then
+    local s = r.stdout:lower()
+    if s:find('gnu coreutils', 1, true) or s:find('timeout %(gnu coreutils%)', 1, true) then
+      return true
+    end
+  end
+  return false
+end
+
+local function find_gnu_timeout()
+  if _timeout_cached then
+    return _timeout_path, _timeout_reason
+  end
+
+  if is_windows() then
+    _timeout_cached = true
+    _timeout_path = nil
+    _timeout_reason = 'unsupported on Windows'
+    return _timeout_path, _timeout_reason
+  end
+
+  local candidates
+  if uname and uname.sysname == 'Darwin' then
+    candidates = { 'gtimeout', '/opt/homebrew/bin/gtimeout', '/usr/local/bin/gtimeout' }
+  else
+    candidates = { '/usr/bin/timeout', 'timeout' }
+  end
+
+  for _, bin in ipairs(candidates) do
+    if check_timeout_is_gnu_timeout(bin) then
+      _timeout_cached = true
+      _timeout_path = bin
+      _timeout_reason = nil
+      return _timeout_path, _timeout_reason
+    end
+  end
+
+  _timeout_cached = true
+  _timeout_path = nil
+  _timeout_reason = 'GNU timeout not found (install `coreutils`; macOS: `brew install coreutils`)'
+  return _timeout_path, _timeout_reason
+end
+
+function M.timeout_path()
+  local path = find_gnu_timeout()
+  return path
+end
+
+function M.timeout_capability()
+  local path, reason = find_gnu_timeout()
+  return { ok = path ~= nil, path = path, reason = reason }
+end
+
 return M